Compare the way the poets write about love Essay

A sonnet is traditionally a love poem, with 14 lines and generally ending with a couplet. The two sonnets I am comparing discuss the nature of love, but portray two completely different relationships between lovers. While Browning’s poem is an ode to a pure, simple and almost childlike love, Shakespeare’s is a critique of his relationship, in which both sides play a game of double-bluff. This poem mocks the idea of true love. We sense simply from the titles that, while Browning’s â€Å"Sonnet† is an expression of heartfelt emotions, Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 138† is just another meaningless work out of many, perhaps like his mistresses. Browning’s work is extremely feminine and is almost certainly about her husband, as she was married, as opposed to the masculine view of women in Shakespeare’s era that mistresses were disposable. I believe that Shakespeare has written this sonnet about a mistress rather than his wife, Anne Hathaway, because the untruthfulness in the relationship shows a lack of commitment between the two lovers. In these poems, the attitudes of the poets to their relationships and partners are extremely different. When Browning says, â€Å"I love thee to the depth and breadth and height my soul can reach†, she implies that she cannot live without her lover, so of course this is why she stays with him. However, in Shakespeare’s case, he stays with his mistress because he knows he is past his prime and no longer a handsome, young virile man. Her lies of being faithful and her reassuring him that he is young in her mind flatter his ego, despite his knowledge of her untruthfulness. Perhaps by saying â€Å"thus vainly thinking that she thinks me young†, he is trying to make himself believe this, because he says, â€Å"Simply I credit her false-speaking tongue†, so he actually respects her for considering his feelings. He cannot be angry with her for lying to him because he reciprocates in the matter. He is happy in the situation, and believes that his lover thinks he is nai ve and â€Å"unlearned in the world’s false subtleties†. He seems to fear being alone and not being able to obtain another mistress. This is in sharp contrast to Browning’s sense of security with her lover, and feeling of openness and honesty. There is a quality of immortality to her love that is suggested in the phrase, â€Å"I shall but love thee better after death†. The nature of the two relationships differ a great deal ; we sense that , while Browning conveys a love that is very spiritual and uncomplicated, Shakespeare’s relationship is more sexual without much actual love. Religious words and imagery, such as â€Å"Grace†, â€Å"Praise†, â€Å"Faith†, â€Å"Candlelight† and â€Å"God† are used to reinforce the feeling of purity in â€Å"Sonnet†. Meanwhile, in â€Å"Sonnet 138†, Shakespeare says, â€Å"Therefore I lie with her, and her with me†, using the double entendre of sex as well as untruthfulness and suggests that he has purely sexual motives for being in the relationship. He poses the idea that they are kept together by the fact that they lie to each other, because he creates the situation of them in bed together as they have not broken up as a result of being truthful. The language used in both poems gives more reinforcement the conflict between the two sonnets. In â€Å"Sonnet†, many of the lines begin simply with the words, â€Å"I love thee†. This simplistic, repetitive style gives Browning’s piece a childlike quality and supports the message of innocence that is interweaved into the poem. She says she loves him with her â€Å"childhood’s Faith†, showing that she loves him wholeheartedly and has no doubts, like a child loves it’s parent because they know no better. She could therefore see her husband as a father figure as he protects her and gives her stability. On the other hand, language is used to the opposite effect in Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 138†. The childhood aspect of this poem is related to gullibility. He makes use of negative words such as â€Å"lies†, â€Å"unjust†, â€Å"untutor’d† and â€Å"false† to show that he does not believe in love. Using these words in rhyming couplets – â€Å"lies† and â€Å"subtleties† – even more pronounces the negative imagery. The sonnet out of the two that I prefer is â€Å"Sonnet 138† by Shakespeare. This is because he has made a break from the traditional style of sonnets, which usually exhault the ideal of love and describe it in all it’s beauty. He takes the idea of love and almost mocks it, satirising the orthodox style of other sonnets. More complex language is used within the sonnet, unlike Browning’s simple prose. The impact of both of the poems is that they make us think about love in very different ways.

Strategic Implications of a Swot Analysis

Name: – Nana Kesewaa Dankwa Index Number:-PGDBA/PM/022/0912 EVALUATE THE STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE SWOT ANALYSIS MODEL OF AN ORGANIZATION OF YOUR CHOICE. Introduction: Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis is an important device for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of an organisation and its environment. It aims to elicit tactics which will generate an organisation specific operational model that will best align an organization’s resources and capabilities to the requirements of the environment in which the firm operates (www. anagementstudyguide. com). Therefore, for any organisation to survive and achieve its mandate, it needs to strategically and competently undertake a SWOT analysis of its environment to fashion out activities which will enable it pursue and achieve its mission and vision. The Internal Audit Agency The organisation selected for this assignment is the Internal Audit Agency (IAA). The IAA was establish ed by the Internal Audit Agency Act 2003 (Act 658).The Agency’s mission is to exercise oversight responsibility over internal audit practice in the public service by setting standards, providing quality assurance and supporting capacity building for good corporate governance, effective risk management and controls through highly skilled and motivated workforce. Its vision is to be a Centre of Excellence in Africa in promoting best practices in internal auditing. The strategies adopted by the Agency to achieve its set objectives include; 1.Effectively promoting internal audit practice in Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) 2. Increasing public access to information on internal audit activities 3. Creating a congenial environment for high performance work in the Internal Audit Agency 4. Improving good governance and accountability in MDAs and MMDAs SWOT Analysis Model of the Internal Audit Agency StrengthsWeakn essesOpportunitiesThreats Congenial relationship between Board, management and staffConducive work environment Approved Scheme of ServiceLow morale of staff due to improper placement Support of the Presidency Legal backing for IAA work Independent Judiciary Good relationship with central management agencies (CMAs)Lack of continuous political commitment Poaching of internal audit skills by other institutions. High quality of staff (competence and qualifications) Proactive Leadership Supportive Board Youthful and energetic staff Cordial working relationship Good corporate imageInadequate training for staffInadequate office accommodation Inadequate Staff numbers Govt committed to developing internal audit function Appreciable number of qualified personnel available in Ghana Goodwill of suppliers and service providers International recognition Availability of curricula for training internal auditors in tertiary institutions. Poaching of key staff from IAA Publicity on negative activitie s by staff of Internal Audit Units (IAUs) The perception that corrupt practices are â€Å"normal† Misconception of the role of IAUs.INTRANET – facilitates communication within IAA INTERNET – facilitates communication of IAA with the external world Availability of ICT Tools Availability of a websiteHigh downtime for office equipment. Non-availability of electronic recording equipment Inadequate & outdated ICT equipmentPotential to Network with all MDAs and MMDAs. Emerging technologies to facilitate conduct of internal audit functions (e. g. Audit Software) Implementation of GIFMISComputer Viruses & FraudsPoor ICT infrastructure and geographical spread of MDAs and MMDAs Frequent power outages. Legal mandate by an Act of Parliament, Act 658 Availability of conditions of serviceLack of enforcement powers. High demand by MDAs and MMDAs to get services of internal audit Legislation in areas such as labour, compensation and health and safety Non-transmittal of IAA Annu al Report to Parliament Inability to enforce prosecution of liable public service staff Inadequate authority to enforce implementation of audit recommendationsStrategic Implications of the SWOT Analysis model of the Internal Audit Agency The Internal Audit Agency’s SWOT Analysis model was done to be able assist the AGENCY ACHIEVE ITS OBJECTIVES . it is legally mandated to achieve its Now the strategies of the agency were drawn out the swoty analysis done the agency drew all its strengths The strategies of the IAA have been formulated to assist the organisation achieve its mission and vision. These strategies have been designed taking cognisance of the objectives defined for the Agency in Act 658.The SWOT analyses undertaken by the IAA adequately scan the Agency’s environment and have appropriately ascribed both external and internal environmental issues. The Agency’s SWOT model has captured detailed internal and external environmental issues which would place th e Agency in a proper position to adequately pursue and achieve its goal and objectives with minimal adversity and a well prepared system as it has anticipated all the positive and negative internal and external issues which could respectively support or derail its efforts towards achieving its objectives.However, the Agency’s SWOT model is highly subjective as these strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are based massively on the perceptions of the staff undertaking the exercise. The methods of identifying these environmental issues are not scientific as the Agency failed to provide any basis to that effect in their strategic plan for 2011- 2015. Conclusion SWOT analysis is a powerful tool for the systematic analysis of internal and external environments of an organization. It aids in effectively identifying problems and drawing lines of future actions to eliminate or ameliorate these problems.

Different type of games

Goldfish, padres, tuna, and speed are only but a mere portion of the hundreds of games that can be played with Just an ordinary deck of cards. Board games come in second place of popularity with the typical family home. Monopoly, chess, checkers, Clue, and newer games like 404: Law not found, and Smà ¶rgà ¥sbord are only but a few of the board games sizzling in the market. What family do you know that does not have a monopoly sitting around the house somewhere? From being placed In a drawer or neatly hidden Inside of a closet. Smà ¶rgà ¥sbord is a board game for friends, family and for the people who likes food.Players take on the role of aspiring chefs as they work their way around the board In search of fortunate success. The object of the game Is to be the first team of chefs to graduate from Rick's Culinary Academy! The losers†¦ Do the dishes! Board games proves their popularity and shows that this style of home entertainment will not go out without a fight. Outdoor game s comes In third place among the popular home games over the years. Basketball, softball, kickball, and touch football are played In almost every large backyard or vacant lot.Not only do outdoor games appeal to family bonding, but they also appeal to those who care about physical well-being. Staying physically fit while having fun sounds Like a great combination right? This category of games Is placed third for a reason. Outdoor games are currently at war with the present day technology, but will not give up so willingly. All three categories promote nothing but healthy competition among family members and friends. They provide a natural release of frustration, and also teaches the understanding of sportsmanship.Older players are reminded that how the game Is played Is the most Important thing to consider. While younger players learn to win and lose without the temper tantrums. Games played at home has remained popular for many years, and penthouse our technology gradually Increase, It will continue to remain popular for a long time to come. Different type of games By Commissaries somewhere? From being placed in a drawer or neatly hidden inside of a closet. Players take on the role of aspiring chefs as they work their way around the board in search of fortunate success.The object of the game is to be the first team of chefs to Outdoor games comes in third place among the popular home games over the years. Basketball, softball, kickball, and touch football are played in almost every large while having fun sounds like a great combination right? This category of games is All three categories promote nothing but healthy competition among family is played is the most important thing to consider. While younger players learn to win for many years, and penthouse our technology gradually increase, it will continue to

The process of Government Bids Research Proposal

The process of Government Bids - Research Proposal Example Bid Contract (2011) indicates that the U.S. Government is the largest company in the world with some $1 billion in new opportunities that private businesses can bid on each day. According to Bid Contract (2011), approximately 11 million contracts are signed by the federal government each year. However, despite this fact less than five (5) per cent of US businesses provide contractual services and products to U.S. Government via one of its federal agencies. Bid Contract (2011) further states that approximately 95% of these contracts are awarded to small and medium sized businesses. These contracts include: janitorial services, food services, technological systems such as complex space flight systems development. A small business set aside program is also in place to ensure that small businesses awarded a fair proportion of these contracts. Therefore certain government purchases are reserved for small businesses. This relates specifically to contracts with values between $25,000 and $1 00,000 which are reserved for either small, small disadvantaged, women-owned, and small veteran owned businesses. How the government buys According to Bid Contract (2011), there are two methods that the government uses to purchase products and services that it requires to carry on the business of managing the nation. They are sealed bidding and negotiation. The sealed bidding process involves an Invitation for Bid (IFB) by the agency that needs to procure services or goods. A contract is usually awarded to the lowest price bidder following the receipt and evaluation of these bids. The contracting officer determines this bidder to be both responsive and responsible. The negotiation process involves the issuing of a Request for Proposals (RFPs) or a Request for Quotations (RFQs) and involves the negotiation of all elements in the proposal. The best proposal in terms of both technical content and price is usually awarded the contract. Types of goods and services normally purchased by g overnment A wide range of goods or services are normally required by government. They include architectural; cleaning and custodial; construction and remodeling; construction and building materials; consulting services; environment and conservation; recycling, waste water, sewage treatment; air purification, tanks, excavation, demolition, salvage; financial and accounting; retirement plan, investment; food services; garden and landscaping; HR services; computer hardware; computer software; insurance; machine shop and fabrication; mailing; marketing and communication; medical and laboratory; personal care, rehabilitation, psychotherapy, drug counseling, medical facilities, ambulance, burial, cremation; office supplies; other supplies; other products; other services; printing and reproduction; Research into energy, healthcare, science and technology; security and safety; facility rental and management; telecommunication; translation and transcription; transporting and warehousing; and weapons and ammunitions. It therefore means that contracts are regularly offered for these services. The Bidding Process In order to bid for a contract with any federal agency a prospect has to tender a proposal. However, Onvia (n.d.) states that some contractors are normally frustrated by the Request for Proposal (RFP). However, this is the only way that a prospective contractor can bid on a US government

Introduction and Setting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Introduction and Setting - Research Paper Example The movie or film series Star Wars is not at all an exception. Created by George Lucas on May 25th, 1977, the film was released by the 20th Century Fox to become a global phenomenon. The events that take place in Star Wars do so in a fictional galaxy, with the actors being humanoids or alien creatures and the area of residence and operation being the Galactic Empire. Force is among the prominent elements in the movie and acts as an all-present energy that knits the galaxy together, and can be tapped by those with the ability to do so. Through the force, the characters in Star Wars are able to realize the effecting of clairvoyance, mind control, telekinesis and precognition, among other supernatural activities. This force is seen to be amoral, in the sensed that while it can be used for good ends, it harbors a dark side that can instill hatred, malice and aggression when pursued. As far as the main characters are concerned and how they use the force, there are Jedi and Sith who use th e force for good (to save the universe) and evil (to own and control the universe), respectively. There are several ways in which Star Wars is heavily laden with mythological, spiritual and religious symbols, as has been previously mentioned and shall be divulged upon forthwith. Analyzing Mythological, Spiritual and religious Symbolism in Star Wars’ Synopsis The manner in which symbolism plays out in Star Wars is so fundamental that it does not just merely fortuitously correlate with some remote aspects and characters of the movie, but it also forms a complex weave which threads the entire trilogy together to form a complete and colorful synopsis. Specifically, in Star Wars, Luke Skywalker is compelled to fight the temptations emanating from the Dark Side, as a way of succoring humanity from the enslaving grip of the evil emperor, Dark Vader, together with other evil actors such as Java the Hutt. At the same time, there abound Biblical and spiritual mysteries littered through out the plot in Star Wars. This brings about a heavy sense of parallelism between the trilogy and Biblical accounts. In Star Wars, Darth Vader extends an olive branch to Luke Skywalker to the effect that upon accepting this olive branch, Skywalker would get to co-rule the galaxy with Vader, his father. This is seen in the Empire Strikes Back. This clearly brings to mind, the scriptural narration that is found in the Gospel of St. Matthew where standing on an exceedingly high mountain with Jesus, showed Jesus all the kingdoms of the world, the glory therein and offered to hand them to Jesus, should Jesus have paid him homage. This brings about the spiritual value of the importance of having the virtue of having focus and spiritual piety that will help one discriminate short-term conveniences for long-term good. Just as Christ forsakes the offertories being extended to him to do carry out a divine purpose of saving the world and its fullness from the devil’s, sin’s and d eath’s enslaving grip, so does Skywalker who refuses the overtures of Dark Vader, in order to save the universe from falling to slavery. The same idea is repeated in Jedi resisting the use of the Force in a negative manner as does Sith. Biblical or Mythological Imagery The quotations and

Stratigec management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Stratigec management - Essay Example The first era is called as the ‘Entrepreneur era’ that starts from 1909 to 1939.In 1909 HFS built his first prototype with the help of Malvern boys college engineering workshop and W. Stephenson Peach, grandson of the inventor of the â€Å"Rocket†. (morgan-motor.co.uk) . Sir John Black helped in attaining patent for sliding pillar suspension. The designs made by HFS were lightweight and simple for reliability. In 1910 the Morgan Runabout was showcased at the Olympia motor show London. The three wheeler runabout was a car made with the aim of making low priced vehicle available to the masses. The Three wheelers benefited from the lowering of the road taxes by  £3 (bcu.ac.uk). The Morgan motor company gained reputation by 1928 as the most preferred sports car. Many more sports versions were launched because of their strong grounding and also greater speed. By 1936 the factory started producing 30,000 cars but by this time the concept of three wheeler cars became i rrelevant. As a solution to tackle this problem, HFS designed a car with four wheel and four cylinder models. The period between 1945- 1975 marks the second thirty years of Morgan history. This period was the â€Å"Gung Ho† sports car Era. As time passed on many more new cars were produced like the new version of four-seaters with a modern look and Morgan motors became the first car company to get celebrity endorsements. (morgan-motor.co.uk). This era saw the emergence of his son Peter Morgan Stanley as a creative and innovative leader. The next era started from 1975 to 2005 which was characterized by the world wide safety and emission standards for the motor industry. In this stage, the company realized their social responsibility and worked towards contributing and protecting the environment. The company improved the working conditions for the employee and also gave more attention to quality of the products. The Morgan aero eight was launched in this

Writing your journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing your journal - Assignment Example These determinants vary from place to place and different environments. The culture can be thought of as an iceberg model whose little part is visible but the details are hidden from those who are not experiencing the local culture on the ground. The culture can never be acquired completely unless experiences first hand. This journal is the explanation of the personal experiences of my learning of a different culture from where I lived my life. The journal follows the ODIS (observe, describe, interpret, suspend) model of analysis. I was in born in Denver, Colorado and attended George Washington High School. I have been fond of visiting different countries and localities for making research about interesting people and places. Cultural differences and ethic aberration has always been a topic of my interest. Studying and having a deep insight on the Chinese culture has always been my dream. On getting an appropriate chance I went to Beijing for seven days for an event in China Universi ty of Geosciences. I got immense exposure to the rich Chinese culture and chances to learn the minute details for the local culture about which I had been making up to my mind and opinions base upon the internet research and stories. I met different people and delegates and I saw the Chinese interactions in every walk of life. From industrial perspective to the personal life scenarios, I observed every kind of cultural themes of the Chinese people. Most of the experiences were totally new for me and many were the conformations of the past theories about which I have made up in my mind by hearing different people. I observed that most of the Chinese culture still acquires their values from the text book code of ethics of Confucianism and Taoism. People are extremely dedicated to work and there are absolutely no compromises when it comes to day to day work and professionalism, a part from it, there is a lot more entertainment in these days as far as Beijing in concerned but I heard fr om the local people that the life is much boring in different cities outside Beijing. People are acutely and drastically hospitable and we felt absolutely no discomfort while staying at different hotels. Students and other people around the city spoke and understood English and it was to my utter surprise. Food was not very good because the American food have some spics and taste whereas I found the Chinese people extra sensitive about the health and this they do not use any kind of spice and extra salt in their food. The arts and music domain is also becoming rich and there are numerous art clubs there. Xun (Ocarina-type instrument that is also an integral part in Native American cultures) and Guzhend are the integral parts of the Chinese music in the modern China. My interpretation of the observations is that the Chinese have awakened from a deep and long slumber and after the gigantic and long lasting Chinese revolution, the value and cultural sticking to the Confucianism is much stronger than before. The main reason behind the fact that Chinese people adhere to the cultural values given by their elders is that they know the gravity of the situation and perspectives which played key role in the development of modern china. As far as American culture is concerned, the culture is not much rich here because there is not specific bindings and code of ethics rather the culture is far more dynamic and dense in the subject matter. The music of America is somewhat more interesting that China and I did not like the music of China. The hospitality is the integral and primary part of the Chinese culture and my perception is that it is also because of the communism revolution and industrial richness. The Chinese managed to get vast foreign investments after the revolution and

Impact of foreign exchange rate on stock returns Dissertation

Impact of foreign exchange rate on stock returns - Dissertation Example Table 1 reports the results of Augmented Dickey Fuller test of unit root for the stock indices and exchange rates of both the UK and Pakistan. The test has further been applied at different levels as well as in the first difference form. The findings will be reported in terms of each country starting with the UK first then Pakistan. Both the ADF and regression results will be presented for the country indices and then for each of the companies. This chapter is divided into several parts with the main parts comprising study findings for the UK (both ADF test and regression), study findings from Pakistan (ADF and regression), and finally the analysis section where these findings are discussed and analyzed. 5.2 Findings (UK) Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Test Table 1 below presents ADF results for UK companies and GBP/USD rate. As is evident in the table, the results include the FTSE 100 index and ten major companies operating in the UK. Table 2 provides the findings of the ADF test for the national exchange rate (EX) of the GBP against the GBP. Table 1: Augmented Dickey Fuller test (UK companies and FTSE 100 Index) Augmented Dickey fuller (ADF) test (UK companies and FTSE 100 Index) Index + companies S= Index value/ stock price Critical values of 1%, 5%, 10% at Level ?S= 1st difference Critical values at 1%, 5%, 10% for ?S FTSE 100 -2.250374 -3.486064 -2.885863 -2.579818 -10.25769 -2.584707 -1.943563 -1.614927 Antofagasta -3.066955 -4.036983 -3.448021 -3.149135 -12.97182 -2.584707 -1.943563 -1.614927 Babdock -1.747700 -4.036983 -3.448021 -3.149135 -10.71888 -3.486551 -2.886074 -2.579931 HSBC Holdings -2.867695 -3.486064 -2.885863 -2.579818 -10.42942 -2.584707 -1.943563 -1.614927 Imperial tobacco -2.160689 -4.036983 -3.448021 -3.149135 -11.17921 -2.584707 -1.943563 -1.614927 Johnson matthey -2.543982 -4.036983 -3.448021 -3.149135 -10.41562 -2.584707 -1.943563 -1.614927 Meggit 0.828451 -2.584539 -1.943540 -1.614941 -11.56089 -2.584707 -1.943563 -1.614927 Morrison - 2.901854 -4.036983 -3.448021 -3.149135 -11.50647 -2.584707 -1.943563 -1.614927 Pearson plc -1.841245 -4.036983 -3.448021 -3.149135 -12.55195 -3.486551 -2.886074 -2.579931 Standard chartered bank -1.868623 -3.486064 -2.885863 -2.579818 -10.62130 -2.584707 -1.943563 -1.614927 Weir group -1.782673 -4.036983 -3.448021 -3.149135 -9.851895 -2.584707 -1.943563 -1.614927 Table 2: Augmented Dickey fuller (ADF) test (GBP/USD) Augmented Dickey fuller (ADF) test (GBP/USD) Currency X= Exchange rate Critical values of 1%, 5%, 10% at Level ?X= 1st difference Critical values at 1%, 5%, 10% for ?X GBP/USD -2.046301 -4.036983 -3.448021 -3.149135 -9.755815 -2.584707 -1.943563 -1.614927 According to the findings of the study, the ADF test results for the FTSE 100 index show that FTSE statistic value does not exceed the critical values at the 1%, 5%, and 10% critical levels. Therefore, the null hypothesis of the unit root for the index

Financial Risk (Masters Level) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Financial Risk (Masters Level) - Coursework Example It indicates the highest possible loss amount, which some portfolio will likely lose within a given time period at specified confidence level. A good example would be 95% daily VaR for $1 Million, could mean the likely hood for the same portfolio to lose over a million dollars within a worst day happens to be below 5%. In no way does this mean that such portfolio may not lose over a million dollars. The truth is that over one hundred days, the portfolio would be expected to lose over $1 million for five time approximately. In addition, this does not mean that an individual would not collectively loose significantly more along a longer horizon. Banks, mutual funds, hedge funds as well as other financial service companies or even brokers can utilize value at Risk. Most of such firms use VaR in prediction of size of outlying losses of the future, or even gains that their portfolios or those of their clients might experience (Ran & Jin, 2008: p 1). Most firms make use of VaR in the determination of needed collateral from an execution customer for some margin loan utilized in trading financial instruments, for instance. Buy-side entities like hedge funds make use of VaR in determining whether the allocation of a portfolio does exceed investment mandate or a current risk tolerance (BPL, 2015, 2). Despite the fact that VaR was not used broadly before mid-1990s, the measure’s origin date further back in time. Markowitz Harry and others developed the mathematics, which underlie VaR in portfolio theory context (Glyn, 200:p 32). However, their efforts aimed at a different destination (devising equity investors’ optimal portfolios). Specifically market risk focus as well as the co-movements effects in such risks are core to the manner in which VaR is computed (Ronald, Kees, & Rachel, 1999: P 2). The Motivation for VaR measures utilization, though, arose from the crises, which affected financial service firma through time as well as supervisory responses to such

Accounting writing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accounting writing assignment - Essay Example Another merger completed in 1985 saw the name change to Chevron. From 2002 to 2007 Chevron invested an estimated $72 billion to bring improved energy supplies to market. The company adopted name Chevron Corporation in 2005, and later acquired Unocal Corp. (Chevron) enhancing its position as the World’s leader in energy provision. Chevron has over the years demonstrated expertise in deep-water oil exploration. Sales and additional operating revenues decreased from 2012’s $230590 million to $220156 million. Net income profits declined by 18.2% in 2013 from 2012’s $ 26,179 million to $21,423 million. Their dividends per share were $3.90 million, and each share attracted a $1 return. Total assets rose to $253753 million in 2013 from 2012’s $232982 million, followed by a subsequent rise in total liabilities from $95150 million to $103326 million. Chevron’s total stockholders’ equity rose in 2013 to $ 149113 from 2012’s $ 136524 million (Chevron). The Board of Directors of Chevron comprises of an Audit Committee who are not under employment with the firm. This committee has regular meeting with the Management and auditors, both internal and external auditors to ensure conformity with the internal controls and the International Financial Reporting matters. Chevron’s operations have been affected by the altering economic, regulatory and Political environments in the various geographical areas of operations. Some governments have from time to time tried to renegotiate terms of contracts which has led to significant additional costs to the company. Management keenly follows developments in the money markets, the global economic trends and their impact on the enterprise’s fluctuations in oil and Natural gases. In the last quarter of 2011, a development well in the Frade field off the coast of Brazil caused an unforeseen pressure spike resulting in a migration

Effect of Unethical Behavior Article Analysis (ACCOUNTING COURSEWORK) Assignment

Effect of Unethical Behavior Article Analysis (ACCOUNTING COURSEWORK) - Assignment Example Hence, enabling wise investments; this will not only benefit the individual firms but also augment the state’s economic stability. Accounting malpractices presently assume numerous forms that are evident both in the regime’s institutions and in individual corporations. For illustration, inaccurate financial records that result from an intentional manipulation by the responsible individuals (Bisoux, 2005). Since, they do have hidden intentions meant to benefit themselves via presenting false figures that would derail the key organizations’ auditing process. Primarily, these staffs encompass the accountants who are responsible in the daily handling of accounting books. The individuals usually manipulate figures to equal a false amount after colluding with fellow workers and have chopped some amount, hence trying to make a cover up. In some incidents, these malpractices may entail the top officials, but mostly evident amid the middle staffs (Bisoux, 2005). Additionally, the malpractices may entail misusing funds via channeling them in diverse directions to cater for expenses not intended for or inappropriate. For illustration, overspending especially in a venture where the undertakers or those pioneering team would benefit in some way. This deprives the firm the necessary financial resources meant for boosting its sustainability or expansion and instead starts encountering difficulties in its management (Bisoux, 2005). Consequently, this financial misappropriation will indirectly will feature in its accounting standings. This would be via meticulous study by potential investors who will notice the evident misappropriation and decline in investing in it. Since the inception of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, numerous organizations and even regimes have recorded an growth of their economic stability (Bisoux, 2005). This emanates from the accountability, which the act has instilled

A Defense of Abortion Essay Example for Free

A Defense of Abortion Essay Thomson argues that in some though not all cases, women have a right to abortion due to property rights in regards to their body, and the undue burden against these rights that would be placed on women if they are to be made responsible for any and all pregnancies. Thomson uses a variety of sometimes strange analogies to make her point that even if we give in to the argument that a fetus is a person, and thus has a right to life, this right to life does not necessarily ensure a right to sustain that life by using another person’s property, in this case the mother’s body, against her will. Thomson first asks us to consider the following case. You wake up and find yourself in a hospital bed hooked up to a famous violinist. It is then explained to you that you’ve been kidnapped by the Society of Music Lovers because you happen to be the only person whose blood type is compatible with the violinist’s, who is suffering from a kidney disease, and will die unless you remain plugged into him for nine months. Keeping in mind that both you and the violinist are innocent parties, and that both you and the violinist will walk out of the hospital alive and unharmed when the nine months are up, are you morally obligated to remain connected to the violinist, who in the case of pregnancy would be the fetus? First we must consider the given analogy and its relativity to the primary scenario, being the morality of abortion. There are no other cases quite like pregnancy, where one’s ability to sustain life is directly dependent on the use of another’s body. This is why Thomson must create the violinist analogy. There are surely many similarities between the case of the violinist and the case of the fetus. As stated before, both parties, the fetus/violinist and the mother/donor are innocent. The cause of their connection is based on the actions of a third party, in this case the Society of Music Lovers. The fact that the donor was kidnapped presents a distinguishing factor, allowing the analogy to be applied in cases such as pregnancy because of rape, where it is clear that the mother did not consent in any way to becoming pregnant. There are also dissimilarities. The kidnapping itself has not traumatized the donor, while in the case of a young girl being raped and becoming pregnant, the rape itself is very traumatic. However, Thomson discounts this by saying that if those who oppose abortion based on the grounds that a person’s right to life is more important than a mother’s property right to her body, make an exception in the case of rape, they are saying that those who come into existence because of rape have less of a right to life than others, which sounds somehow wrong. Furthermore, many who oppose abortion on this ground do not make an exception for rape. Thus, the primary question remains, is it morally permissible to disconnect yourself from a person, even if doing so will kill them? Thomson then takes the violinist scenario a step further, asking us to imagine that it turns out that supporting the violinist is putting additional strain on you, and if you continue to remain plugged into him, you will die. Some would say that it is still impermissible, because unplugging yourself would be directly killing the innocent violinist which is murder, and always wrong. Thomson vehemently denies that you are obligated to sacrifice your own life in order to save the violinist, saying that in this case â€Å"if anything in the world is true, it is that you do not commit murder, you do not do what is impermissible, if you reach around to your back and unplug yourself from that violinist to save your life. † (Vaughn, 175) Many of Thomson’s other analogies deal with the concept of a woman’s property rights to her body making a case for abortion being permissible. She gives the analogy of a young boy being given a box of chocolates, and eating them before his envious brother. Of course the boy ought to share his chocolates with his brother, as most of us would agree. However, Thomson claims that if he doesn’t, he is simply being selfish and greedy, but not unjust. He is not unjust in denying his brother the chocolates simply because they were given to him, and thus are his property. If the box had been given to both of the brothers, it would be a different story. Distinguishing between what one ought to do and what one is morally obligated to do ties back to the violinist analogy. Even if the violinist only required use of your body for one hour, while you ought to allow him to use your body, as it requires little effort on your part, you are not unjust if you refuse. You are perhaps callous and selfish, yes, but not unjust. As Thomson states â€Å"Except in such cases as the unborn person has a right to demand it-and we were leaving open the possibility that there may be such cases-nobody is morally required to make large sacrifices, of health, of all other interests and concerns, of all other duties and commitments, for nine years, or even for nine months, in order to keep another person alive. (Vaughn, 181) The criticism I would make of this argument is that she does not specify in which cases the unborn person has a right to demand use of a mother’s body, only that they can occur. She does clearly state however, that having a right to life does not inherently give one the right to be given the use of or allowed continued use of another’s body, even if one needs it for life itself. (Vaughn, 178) Some who oppose abortion argue that because pregnancy is preventable, if one happens to become pregnant they must take responsibility, which gives the fetus special rights that a stranger, such as the violinist would not have. Thomson points out that this theory only gives a fetus a right to a mother’s body if the pregnancy resulted in a voluntary act, leaving out instances of rape. She uses the people-seed analogy to further discuss the implications of holding women responsible for all pregnancies. She asks us to imagine people as seeds, innocently drifting around the world, sometimes even into your home, getting stuck to furniture and carpets. To prevent this from happening to you, you put the best screens on your windows you can buy. As we all know, sometimes screens are defective, and a seed finds its way in and takes root, despite your preventative measures. Does that seed have a right to use your house to develop into a person? It is true that it could have been prevented from taking root if you lived your life in a house without furniture or carpeting, but this seems ridiculous. By the same token you could say that women who are raped have a responsibility to the fetus because rape could be prevented by never leaving home without a reliable army, or never leaving home at all. This is far too high of a burden to put on individuals. When evaluating these analogies and the argument Thomson uses them to make, certain questions arise. For example, if I am not morally obligated to give my property to someone who depends on it for survival, is it morally permissible to let someone starve to death because I refuse to share my food that I bought earlier from the grocery store? Given her analogies, such as the instance of the boy who refuses to share his chocolate, it would seem that Thomson would say that it is permissible to let someone die of starvation. After all, you are not morally obligated to share what is rightly yours. She would say you are selfish and greedy, like the little boy, but not unjust or immoral. However, letting an innocent person starve to death, when doing something as little as giving them some of our food, does not sit well with the average person. This is where Thomson’s concept of the Good Samaritan vs. the minimally decent Samaritan comes into play. In the biblical story, the Good Samaritan saw a man dying in the road, abandoned by others who passed. He cleaned the dying man’s wounds and took him to an inn, paying for his stay. He went out of his way to help someone in need, at some cost to himself. Thomson illustrates the other extreme by using the case of Kitty Genovese, who was murdered while thirty-eight people stood by and did nothing to help. In this case the Good Samaritan would have rushed to her aid, putting his own life on the line in order to save a stranger’s. While Thomson seems to say that this is too much to ask of people, and they are not morally required to risk their own life to save another’s, she does say that the Minimally Decent Samaritan would have at least called the police. Because no one even called the police, they are not even minimally decent Samaritans, and their actions are monstrous. While the Good Samaritan gives aid they are not obligated to give, the Minimally Decent Samaritan fulfills their minimal obligations. Just as watching a person be murdered and doing absolutely nothing to help is falling below the standard of minimally decent Samaritan, I would have to believe that watching a person starve and doing nothing to help is also monstrous. After all, using Thomson’s analogies we could say that the people who watched Kitty Genovese get murdered ought to have used their cell phones to call the police at the very least, but being that their cell phones are their property, they can use them as they wish, and are not morally obligated to use them to save a life, even if the cost it would bring to them seems extremely insignificant. Thomson seems to distinguish between situations such as letting someone starve to death because you refuse to share your food, or letting someone be murdered because you refuse to use your phone, and aborting a fetus. She claims that many laws prohibiting abortion compel women to be Good Samaritans (Vaughn, 181) as opposed to minimally decent. This claim suggests that she believes that harboring a fetus is an act of a Good Samaritan, not a minimally decent one. Furthermore, by calling the people who watched Kitty Genovese die â€Å"monstrous† it suggests that she does in fact believe that watching a person die and doing nothing to help is immoral. By these tokens, it seems that she would in fact view letting another starve as immoral, suggesting that her argument of property rights is inconsistent. Thomson somewhat accounts for these inconsistencies in her closing argument, simply by conceding that the analogies she uses are not fool proof or meant to be applied to all cases. She states â€Å"while I do not argue that abortion is not impermissible, I do not argue that it is always permissible. There may well be cases in which carrying the child to term requires only minimally decent Samaritanism of the mother, and this is a standard we must not fall below. † (Vaughn 182) For example, she believes it would be immoral for a woman to abort her child late in the pregnancy because she had a vacation planned. By asserting that her analogies and arguments are not meant to make an absolute case for or against abortion, they do in fact only help her to prove her somewhat tentative point that women do have a right to abortion, in some though not all cases, because of property rights and the undue burden against these rights that would be placed on women if forced to carry all pregnancies to term.

Data Storage for Art Gallery

Data Storage for Art Gallery Executive Summary This assignment is based upon an Art Gallery. Being the system analyst and designer the art gallery is hopeful I demonstrate professionalism and propose a computerized cataloging system which they require. Currently the Art Gallery has 8 exhibition rooms where they display art items from around the word. These items dont only belong to the Art Gallery but by other owners, be it other galleries or private collectors. These items are borrowed to enhance the exhibition rooms which change exhibits every 3 months. The gallery is lead by a curator and 6 assistant curators to see about its daily operations. One of the major issues of the art gallery is the paper based form which they use to keep record exhibits in storage or in exhibition, in addition and borrowing and returning of items to their respective owners. There are several technologies available in which these paper forms can be transferred directly into the catalogue system which I am designing for the art gallery. These technologies would be reviewed and the best suited technology would be recommended for the transfer of the paper forms to the computerized system. In building this catalogue it is required that only the curator and assistant curators have read, write, edit and delete functions once the system is properly installed. These functions would be given with discretion to the user according to rank i.e. the curator would be given access to the entire catalogue system granting him permissions to all CRUD functions whereas the 6 assistant curators would have specific access and could only delete certain items in the system. This is required for security issues. In this proposal submitted must be a prototype interface so the users can see how the system would look before the interchange from the current paper based system to the computerized catalogue. The prototype would demonstrate the following functions: Adding a new item Editing item details Searching for the location of an item Listing items due for return This system would make the curator and assistant curators demonstrate efficiency and effectiveness in the art gallery as it is a step into the modern way or storing data which is used by many businesses worldwide. Unified Modelling Language, or UML, is a set of diagrammatic techniques, which are specifically tailored for object-oriented development, and which have become an industry standard for modelling object-oriented systems. In developing this cataloguing system for the art gallery, specialized diagrams would be used to model the system throughout the development process. These diagrams would represent part of the system but not the whole thing. Some of the diagrams that would be shown are: use case diagrams use case specifications activity diagrams class diagrams sequence diagrams state machines communication diagrams Use Case Diagrams Use case diagrams are description of the system from the users point of view. This would entail an actor, use case and system boundary. Three use case diagrams are presented to the art gallery to the show some functional requirements of the system but not the whole system. The art gallery system, maintaining the art list and returning the art item are demonstrated below. This use case describes all the functions carried out in the art gallery system which includes all the actors from the curator, assistant curator, owner and the public. Some of the use cases include maintain art list, maintain owner list, maintain exhibition, manage store rooms, borrow and returning of art. Maintain Art list is a function carried out by the curator. This use case was generated from the Art Gallery System use case in figure 1. It extends to describe the description of what the curator could do in the cataloguing system, which are CRUD functions. Returning of art is a function which the assistant curator performs. This use case was developed from the Art Gallery System in Figure 1 and gives a details listing of the function the assistant curator can perform. Use Case Specification The use case description is a narrative description of the functional requirements from the use case. It describes the use case goal and gives the description of what usually happens and the normal course of events. Following are the use case specifications from the previous use case diagrams. Use Case: Maintain Art List Actors: Curator Goal: Managing the entire art list Description: The curator logs into the system, the user name and password is verified. Access is granted and the curator continues to function. A search is carried out on a particular art ID to ensure it does not exist, once affirmed the curator may create the new record with all the art details required. Other functions granted to the curator are update, delete and print functions which follow along the same line. Once the curator is finished with the particular functions so desired he then logs out the system. Use Case: Maintain Art List Actors: Curator Goal: Managing the entire art list Overview: The curator logs into the system, the user name and password is verified. Access is granted and the curator continues to function. A search is carried out on a particular art ID to ensure it does not exist, once affirmed the curator may create the new record with all the art details required. Other functions granted to the curator are update, delete and print functions which follow along the same line. Once the curator is finished with the particular functions so desired he then logs out the system. Typical course of events: Alternative courses: Step 6 the art information may already exist in the system in the event of adding a new art item and may choose a new art ID. Use Case: Returning Art Actor: Assistant Curator Goal: To return art to respective owner Description: The assistant curator logs into the system, the user name and password is verified. A search is carried to verify all items that are due. The list is obtained and the assistant curator/s may contact the respective owner making them aware the due date is soon. The contract is ended for borrowing the art item, a report is printed and the art is returned. Once successful the assistant curator logs out. Use Case: Returning Art Actor: Assistant Curator Goal: To return art to respective owner Overview: The assistant curator logs into the system, the user name and password is verified. A search is carried to verify all items that are due. The list is obtained and the assistant curator/s may contact the respective owner making them aware the due date is soon. The contract is ended for borrowing the art item, a report is printed and the art is returned. Once successful the assistant curator logs out. Typical course of events: Description: The art gallery system includes the daily operations of the art gallery; this includes the maintaining art list, owners list and exhibition carried out by the curator. The assistant curators also maintain the exhibition rooms, the storage rooms and carry out the functions of borrowing and returning the art items. The owner of the art items are also included in the borrowing and returning of the items and viewing the exhibitions in conjunction with the public. Activity Diagrams Activity diagrams show the internal flow of control in a process. Activity diagrams can be used to represent sequence, selection and iteration and they can also illustrate where all activities can be carried out in parallel. According to IBM.com Activity diagrams are helpful in the following phases of a project: Before starting a project, you can create activity diagrams to model the most important workflows. During the requirements phase, you can create activity diagrams to illustrate the flow of events that the use cases describe. During the analysis and design phases, you can use activity diagrams to help define the behaviour of operations. This diagram shows the activity of events in swim lanes with the assistant curator, art list and the owner. It shows the process of the activity of events taking place in the returning process. Class Diagrams The class diagram is central to object-oriented analysis and design, it defines both the software architecture. It is used to model classes and the relationships between classes, and also to model higher-level structures comprising collections of classes grouped into packages. The class diagram appears through successive iterations at every stage in the development process. Designed are class diagrams illustrating the super class, hierarchy and attributes and operations for the proposed catalogue system for the Art Gallery. Transfer Methods Currently the Art Gallery stores and processes all information on paper based forms which outlines the name, location, owner, value of art, due date, etc. This system could cause problems in finding location of art items and generating due dates because of the frequent change in the exhibitions and in storage. The Art Gallery wishes to fully change this paper based style and produce a catalogue which would improve the efficiency and effectiveness in the work place that would entail the same information from the paper forms. The system would also grant permission to only the Curator and Assistant Curators to have read, write, edit and delete functions. In order to commence this catalogue all the paper forms must be transferred to the computerised system. There are many techniques in which this catalogue could be created, but only the most efficient one would be chosen as it is critical to implement this system. These techniques range from human data entry, document scanning and even voice recognition tools. The mentioned techniques and technologies would be compared and contrasted where only the best option would be chosen to perform the functions needed. Human Data Entry Beginning with the very basic and most popular way of entering information into a system is human data entry. This operation is fully dependant on the data entry clerk or in the Art Gallerys case the assistant curator to read the document and manually key information from the paper forms into the catalogue on the computer system. This process would be strenuous and lengthy as it is a fully manual process. There are only six assistant curators employed at the Art Gallery and this would be highly impossible to implement in a short period. The curators not only have to borrow and return art items, but mange the store rooms and exhibitions so time would be limited in such, to perform data entry. It is assumed that if this technique is chosen at least two of the assistant curators would perform the functions of keying the information into the system. Therefore this option is not best suited for the art gallery due to time constraint and the amount forms that would be re-processed even though a specific number of records wasnt given, it is alleged that there are a profound amount of documents to be entered into the catalogue. Advantages of Human Data Entry Method requires simple software systems and low-end computing hardware Less costly in the sense of hardware and software in addition depending on cost of manpower A large number of PCs would be available for use after census Disadvantages of Human Data Entry Requires more staff Time consuming compared to automated data entry Human errors may consist Standardisation of operations is difficult as performance may be individually dependant Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) According to tiscali.co.uk OMR is a technique that enables marks made in predetermined positions on a computer input form be detected optically and input to a computer. Optical Mark Recognition is used to process data entry form in various institutes and companies. This technology shines a light beam onto the document and is able to detect the marks filled from check boxes and fill-in fields on a printed form, and then the software interprets the output from the scan and translates it to the desired format, bearing in mind the use of a keyboard is nonexistent. OMR is best applicable for processing large number of hand filled forms which are needed to be processed quickly and accurately, which may include survey reply cards, questionnaires and ballots. The speed of OMR is very fast as it could process approximately 85-130 pages per minute and up to 4000 pages per hour depending on the type of machine used. Advantages of Optical Mark Recognition Improved data accuracy Faster than human data entry Capture speeds around 4000 forms per hour Equipment is relatively inexpensive as costs are predictable and defined It is simple to install and run Well established technology that is used by many countries Disadvantages of Optical Mark Recognition There are restrictions as to form design Restrictions on type of paper and ink OMR cannot recognise hand written or machine printed characters Images are not captured by scanners so electronic retrieval is not possible Response boxes should be correctly marked with appropriate pen or pencil The Art Gallery forms are hand written documents and OMR technology doesnt recognise hand written documents therefore this technology is at fault with the requirements of the Art Gallery. Even though this technology has many advantages and of its use worldwide, another type of technology must be considered for transferring the paper based forms to the computerized system. Optical Character Recognition According to wisegeek.com Optical Character recognition is the process of converting printed or hand written materials into text or word processing files that can be easily stored and edited. All OCR systems require hardware and software for analysing the images. A scanners is used to scan the text on a page, then breaks the fonts into a series of dots called bitmap in addition it reads most common font and can determine where lines start and stop. The bitmap is then translated to computer text. This technology fits the requirements of the Art Gallery as it is able to read hand written documents. There have been a lot of advances to this technology over the years as to improve the recognition of handwriting or fonts similar to hand writing. As we observed before in human data entry if we wanted to document one of the forms which is currently used by the Art Gallery someone would have to manually type the document word for word, but with OCR you just scan the document and it could be converted to several formats such as Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, PDF or HTML. OCR would save a lot of time as it is fast in reading documents, just scan a document and it would be ready in seconds. A lot of businesses have chosen this technology as it cuts time in producing a document which would usually take days to complete can now be accomplished in a minute. As stated in the scenario the documents which the Art Gallery has are neatly handwritten characters which are easy to read so the problems with recognising font wouldnt be of a problem to hinder the operations carried out by this technique. Advantages of Optical Character Recognition Quicker processing, up to 60 sheets per minute Savings in costs and efficiencies by not having the paper questionnaires Scanning and recognition allowed efficient management and planning for the rest of the processing workload Reduced long term storage requirements, hard copy documentation could be destroyed after the initial scanning, recognition and repair Quick retrieval for editing and reprocessing Minimizes errors associated with physical handling of the questionnaires Disadvantages of Optical Character Recognition Higher costs of equipment High calibre IT staff required to support the system Handwriting on census forms be as close as possible to the model handwriting to avoid recognition error Possibility for error during character substitution which would affect data quality Tuning of recognition engine to accurately recognize characters is critical with trade-off between quality and cost Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR) Intelligent Character Recognition is sometimes compared with Optical Mark Recognition because of their similarities, but the difference with ICR is its advancement in recognition patterns allowing the technology to recognise all fonts and different styles of handwriting. This technology also allows automatic updates to the recognition of new hand writing patterns in its database. This technology is best suited for the transferring of the forms in the Art Gallery because it would recognise the handwriting on the forms without any editing taking place. The process of documenting the forms to the computerised system would entail the form being scanned; the data is captured then analyzed and translated using ICR software that enables pattern-matching and automatic indexing. Just like OCR the data could be transferred into several formats such as Word, Excel, Access, PDF, XML etc. According to managedoutsource.com some features and benefits of using ICR are: Can recognize any text of a form or a check Allows manual key boarding reduction or deletion Maximum process automation of documents Recognize text regardless of its specific typeface, style or size. Batch processing Automated updating, reports display and automated mass spectra interpretation Automatic checking of the information against databases and dictionaries Costs reduction for your business Because of the similarity with ICR and OCR the advantages and disadvantages may be the same. Therefore the following disadvantages are reiterations of OCR disadvantages as described earlier. Recommendation Voice recognition technology is another aspect of converting the paper based forms to the computerized system but due to all the training involved in this technology only the fastest and most reliable techniques were discussed. It is recommended that the museum use the Intelligent Character Recognition method for the transfer of the forms to the computerized system. Even though it is stated that the forms are easy to read and in standard English the Optical Character Recognition would have been the ideal choice, but doesnt know what the future holds while the process is actually being implemented and what errors may occur. One of the major downfalls the company would face with the ICR technology is its cost. This equipment quite costly and the budget of the Art Gallery are unknown. Instead of buying the machine it could be rented at a cheaper cost, because this technology is only being used to transfer the old forms and nothing further. This would result in a more economical status for the museum. Another form is to buy the machine and rent it out to other businesses who demand the use of this technology for the same purpose. The income generated from the ICR machine could be used in the borrowing of the art items from other galleries and private collectors. Prototype User Interface According to agilemodeling.com a prototype user interface is an iterative technique where users are involved in the development of the User Interface for the system. Since the actual system isnt necessary to demonstrate to the users all desired are snapshots of the designed prototype interface. Includes are the searching for the location of an item, editing an items details, adding a new item and listing the due for return to their owners by a selected date. In the searching process there are two options available to the user, by either entering the Art ID or browsing the current collection with the option of choosing the item type or by selecting the item. Once an option of choice is chosen the art details would be listed below. In the art item details there would be the name of the item what type of art it is, and its current location, further information could be granted to either see what exhibition room or store room it is located in. This form is designed to add a new art item into the catalogue. It gives the option of entering all the art details into the form, once completed the curator has the option of going to another record and view all records in the catalogue or add another record in the system, once completed the curator could close the form. This image is similar to adding the art information; the only difference is the editing aspect. The curator and assistant curators have specific functions where editing is concerned. First they search the record by browsing through the forms and choose the edit button to make changes to the art information. Once completed the new information is automatically saved then the user can close the form. Generating due dates is a function which the assistant curator does in the returning of an art item process. The assistant curator has two options of searching for the due dates. Either by entering a desired date and then the catalogue would list all the due art items on that particular day or by entering an art id which would display the due date of the item. When the search is completed the assistant curator could then print out a report of the information gathered or close the form and continue with the returning art item process. Security Issues Security is a continuous process of protecting an object from unauthorized access. It is as a state of being or feeling protected from harm. That object in that state may be a person, an organization or property such as a computer system. Many businesses suffer the loss of their business due to lack of security. Security doesnt only have to be securing the computer system of the Art Gallery but also its physical surroundings. Objects in the art gallery can either be tangible or non-tangible, tangible objects being hardware and paintings, and intangible being information and data in the system that the art gallery depends on for its continuation. There Art Gallery has many art items which are on loan from different galleries and private collectors which may be priceless or one of a kind art work so losing this could cost the art gallery fortunes. Listed below are the possible threats to security to the art gallery system. Physical Security This may vary in different ways, if there is poor security measures such as little or no implementation of swipe cards, biometrics, security guards, surveillance cameras and identification cards, this may result in a negative effect on the company as there may be imposters wishing to harm the operations of the business. Businesses sometimes think if securing your computer with anti-virus and firewalls would help secure your business but the little things like an unauthorized person gaining access to the building and removing the server, stealing hardware or by vandalizing equipment could make businesses suffer continuity. Therefore the Art Gallery should have proper implementation security guards, surveillance cameras, swipe cards and other media to help with securing the exhibition rooms and store rooms in the Art Gallery. Physical Attacks Physical attacks may result in the event of malicious activity, natural disasters or it may be an accident these attacks results from denial of service. Listed are some physical attacks that may be harmful to the Art Gallery: Fire destruction of art and equipment Water flooding or leaks in the art gallery Electrical Power Surges Temperature air condition failure Natural Disasters Hurricanes, earthquakes, etc. Equipment Failure failure in servers, surveillance cameras, swipe readers. Tampering of equipment With respect to the physical attacks once proper planning and prevention of the above mentioned are complied with the art gallery may be protected against any harmful measures. Faulty Software Faulty software may be unintentional mishaps, it doesnt necessary means sabotage in a business but manufacture problems. These could occur if there is a glitch in the Operating System causing it to malfunction; software was misconfigured during installation or database software malfunction or exploitable weakness. Malicious Software Malicious software is software designed to destroy a computer system without the owners informed consent. Malicious software could be developed by hackers or internal employees in the workplace. Some malicious software may include Computer Viruses Worms Trojan Horse Logic Bomb Hackers toolkit Spyware Dishonest adware Crime ware These malicious software can be contracted due to illegal use of the company internet for personal use other than work related or implanted into the system intentionally. Unauthorised Access Unauthorized Access may take form in different forms. A common way of unauthorized access is by leaving a system logged on and walking away from your desk, another co-worker may intentionally spy on your computer and steal information this is also called eavesdropping. Counter authentication is another form of unauthorised access which may include individuals guessing passwords, password interception, password cracking and session replay. Session Hijacking is the exploitation of a valid computer session to gain access to information or services in a computer system. Denial of Service Denial of service is designed to interrupt normal system functions and affect legitimate users to access the system. Hostile users send a flood of fake requests to a server making the connection impossible to establish. This may result in significant server downtime and financial loss for many companies. All these mentioned security issues are threats to the art gallery; even though some attacks are based on a networked system it is assumed that the Art Gallery would implement a network for the computerised system. Consequences to breach of security According to the threats discussed earlier they play serious threats to the Art Gallery. Once the art gallery has a breach in security it could harm the continuity of the business depending on the level of attack. Firstly starting off with physical attacks, a natural disaster can destroy the entire building with all the exhibits and computers which could terminate the continuation of the business continuity. Other physical attacks like flooding and fire may harm the business but it could be prevented or stopped once proper implementation of fire extinguishers and proper storage of computer system and art exhibits a secured. The difference is a natural disaster is sometime unpredictable. The loss of vital information pertaining to the catalogue with the owner details of art, and information could eventually result in physical theft of art items in the gallery. Some items in the art gallery may be priceless and belongs to persons all over the world; therefore loosing these items would endure the gallery into a financial disorder. Art Gallerys integrity and reputation could blemish as it would turn into a public scandal embarrassing they security measures and all private and confidential information exposed. Permissions User accounts are the best way of ensuring only the curator and assistant curators have write, edit and delete permissions in the proposed catalogue. Every user account is associated with a username and password, the users contact information, account restrictions allowing access to the database at only certain hours of the day and account status allowing the administrator to temporarily disable an account. The curator would be the administrator of the database allowing him access to any and everything he desires which may include the maintaining the art list, maintaining owners list, maintaining the location of art items etc. These functions would allow the curator have all CRUD functions in the database. Being the administrator no one can delete the account because the system depends on an administrator to function and administrator status could be granted to any a supervisor of the 6 assistant curators. The assistant curators would be granted general access to the database but granted certain permissions. The supervisor of the assistant curators may have write, edit and delete functions, whereas the other users may have write and edit functions. Reasons being a delete function is one of power and this permission should only be granted to persons of stature in an organization. This is also part of security reasons. Bibliography Publications Database Design Know it all by: S. Buxton; L. Fryman; R. Guting; T. Halpin; J. Harrington; W. Inmon; S. Lightstone; J. Melton; T. Morgan; T. Nadeau; B. ONeil; E. ONeil; P. ONeil; M. Schneider; G. Simsion; T. Teorey; G. Witt. Published by Morgan Kaufmann 2009 (1st Edition) A Student Guide to Object-Oriented Development by: C. Britton; J. Doake. Published by Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann 2005 (1st Edition) Database Solutions A step-by-step guide to building databases by: T. Connolly; C. Begg. Published by Pearson Education Limited 2004 (2nd Edition) Networking All-in-One Desk Reference for Dummies by: D. Lowe. 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Blekinge Institute of Technology 2002 Websites http://www.computer-realm.net/omr-technology/ http://www.drs.co.uk/census_methods.html. http://search.pearson.com/compare/icr-ocr-omr.pdf www.flatworldsolutions.com/articles/advantages-disadvantages-outsourcing.php http://www.scribd.com/doc/8663036/Normalization www.cert.org/archive/pdf/inside cross051105.pdf http://www.omg.org/technology/uml/index.htm,

Reflective Essay On Pressure Sore Nursing Essay

Reflective Essay On Pressure Sore Nursing Essay My aim of this essay is to reflect on my learning outcome pressure sore care and management. Pressure sores also known as decubitus ulcers. Benbow (2006) defines it as areas of localized tissue damage as a result of excess pressure, shearing or friction forces. To reflect on my learning process, I am going to apply Gibbs reflective model, which is a renowned model in reflective practice. This model requires passing through six stages to complete one reflective cycle. These six stages are description, feelings, analysis, evaluation, conclusion and action plan and I am going to explore in these six steps how I achieved my learning outcome. In the first stage of Gibbs reflective model (1988) I will describe the event which inspired me to get competent in pressure sore management. My placement area was a nursing home setting where almost all service users are old age people who are prone to get pressure sores so I had seen many pressure ulcers. However, one particular service user whose pressure wound I will never forget. I will address her as Mrs. N to maintain her confidentiality (NMC 2008). She is an 86 yr old, suffering from dementia and doubly incontinence. She had a big, black and hard wound on her right hip. The skin was intact but it was extremely discolored. According to EPUAP (European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel) guidelines, it was grade 4 pressure wound as there were full thickness skin loss and it was covered by necrotic tissues. It was getting foul smell and the wound started to debride from the sides in a few days. The second stage of Gibbs reflective cycle requires me to reflect on my feeling for the event. It was my first day in that unit and I went with a nurse in Mrs. Ns room where she was going to do her pressure wound dressing. I had no idea about her wounds grade. I started to assist the nurse and as she opened the dressing I was shocked. I did read the description and seen pictures for grade 4 pressure wound (EPUAP guide to pressure ulcer grading) but never seen it in my past practice so it was absolutely shocking for me. I felt very disgusted. I tried to put myself in her place and when the nurse was touching her wound I was feeling like its happening to me but the most tragic thing for Mrs. N was that she was not able to express her pain as a result of her dementia. The study conducted by Bale s., C. Dealey et al (2007) had found shocking revelations about the effect of pressure ulcers, amount of pain and its effect on a patients life. I was thinking what could be the reason behind it . Is it our negligence or something else for what patient was suffering? Third stage of Gibbs reflective model needs reflector evaluates the event. According to NICE guidelines, a patient who is at risk of developing a pressure ulcer should be assessed within 6 hours of admission (NICE 2003). While in Mrs. Ns case she has been in the nursing home for a long time so her assessment should have been ongoing as she was prone to develop it. The other thing I evaluate was that nurse remains very busy during her shifts so she relies on support staff regarding the patients condition so there are chances that nurses missed to assess Mrs. N for pressure sore on regular interval. According to Mockridge and Antony (1999), the nurse must have basic knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention, healing and treatment to avoid the occurrence and discomfort. There are many risk assessment tools to assess patient for pressure ulcer development which I have been familiar during my learning process. These scales known as Norton scale, Waterlow scale and Branden scale (Norton et al . 1985, Branden and Bergstrom 1987, Waterlow 1991 and 1998). It could have been possible to prevent Mrs. N from getting that worse ulcer by carrying out assessment based on one of these scales. Analysis is the fourth stage of Gibbs reflective model (1988). My knowledge about the pressure sore care and management was very limited. According to the code (NMC 2008) you must take part in appropriate learning and practice activities that maintain and develop your competence and performance. I decide to get competent in pressure sore care and management as I am going to be a qualified nurse I should have the knowledge and skill to practice safe (NMC2008). I analyzed from this event that first step to become competent in this skill is to learn a proper risk assessment skill using one of the risk assessment tools because prevention is always better than cure. To justify this, during my learning process I carried out some assessment on service users who were vulnerable. I used Waterlow scale (Waterlow, 1998). This assessment helped me to classify ulcer. The classification of wound helps to determine the most effective treatment (Daugherty and Lister, 2008). The next aim should be to minimize the pressure on pressure area. To apply this in my placement area I followed NICE guidelines which suggested that there must be a position changing schedule (NICE 2003). Thus, I participate with my team and we prepared position turning charts for the service users who were at risk of developing a pressure ulcer. The other factors involve in preventive managements are pressure relief devices i.e., cushions and mattresses, pressure area skin care specially in incontinence patients and ongoing assessments. The next step after the assessment is planning. It is very crucial aid which leads the patient towards fitness. I prepared and the update care plan by following NICE (2003) guidelines and my placement area policy and procedures. I discussed it with my mentor, my colleagues and other support staff to get suggestion and to improve quality of care (NMC 2008). Apart from all above factors, the important management step in grade 3-4 ulcers are dressing. I also analyzed that I need to perform ulcer dressing on Mrs. Ns ulcer to get confidence and to know my abilities. Before starting dressing I discussed with the nurse about dressing materials used for Mrs. N and prepared trolley using aseptic technique. My mentor observed me carry out dressing and I followed the steps as done by tissue viability nu rse. I also practice for dressing on grade-2 and grade- 3 pressure sores under supervision which gave me self-assurance. The nursing care is not complete without an evaluation. It helps nurses to critically evaluate the patients condition whether it is stable, has deteriorated or improved. During evaluation process I found that our care plans were making significant effects on patient care and helped us to promote their health. In the fifth stage of Gibbs reflective cycle I am going to draw a conclusion following my learning process. I have become competent in the care and management of pressure ulcer. It had provided me skill to practice confidently. If nurses caring of Mrs. N had used their skills and knowledge, then they could have prevented pressure ulcer. There must be busy working environment where for the nurse it is not possible to give detailed attention on every service user but according to the code (NMC 2008), the nurse should work with others to protect and promote the health and well-being of those in her care. I certainly learn the importance of close observation in health care practice. The final stage of the reflective cycle (Gibbs, 1988) is an action plan which facilitates the reflector to plan for the future. It needs you to prepare a plan of actions to take if the situation arises again and also plan for improvement in future practice. I planned that I will perform pressure ulcer dressing whenever there will be a patient requiring pressure sore dressing to get expertise, to increase my confidence and knowledge . I will read more research articles in this area to dig up more and to deliver the best care based on the best available evidence (NMC 2008). I am also planning to discuss this topic with fellow peers.

The United States of Emergency :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

The United States of Emergency We are living in an ongoing crisis, a long-term state of emergency. We are at war all over the world (U.S. government officials tell us that Al-Qaeda operates in or from 60 countries). We have partial martial law within our country, most obviously in airports. Escalation has taken over. Killing has escalated. Fear has escalated. This gives diversity consciousness a new resonance, a new bottom line. It gives people a renewed purpose. Diversity is the key to survival. So the logic is clear: diversity must be escalated. "They don't think like we do," said a U.S. terrorism expert. "I could never imagine myself diving a plane into a building and killing people." The response of some people shows their cognitive/imaginative threshold. Some people were conceptually blocked. "I can't imagine how they could do that," said many people after Sept. 11. When we define some people as deviant, we can't approach them in our usual way, it puts them beyond our reach, or else we would have to admit that their deviance is within our repertoire as well. The more different from our norm someone is, the more we are challenged to bridge the distance. When we live with great overlap and similarity, we don't practice making contact with "the farther reaches of human nature" (the title of a book by Abraham Maslow), our own or someone else's. We talked about outsiders and outcasts in connection with the School shootings of the past few years. When I was teaching "Lord of the Flies" to a high school English class, students were quick to dismiss a character as nuts. They accepted only a narrow band of normal. We write off, avoid, demonize, pathologize, those who seem different. We homogenize our mental/emotional/political environment. We reinforce our norms and convince ourselves we are the most normal AND the most special people in existence. Feminists are terrorists to a male-dominant world order. Someone who is considered deviant is by definition not accessible in the usual mode and is seen as a threat to one's stability and security. "A physician has to enter the consciousness and subjectivity of the patient or he's not a good physician," says Dr. Oliver Sacks. Dr. Jerrold Post, George Washington University psychiatrist, has been giving interviews in which he says the terrorists are not psychotic.

Goals of a Future Teacher :: Teaching Education

Goals of a Future Teacher In today's constantly changing world, our children and youth need to learn inquiry-based, problem solving skills to that they may become successful members of society and live productive lives. I think all students yearn to learn. We as future teachers need to motivate students with learning, exploring, investigating, discovering and inquiring. Together you will be learning and teaching. As teachers, you need to be very organized and creative. Time is very valuable. When students are able to use creativity it enhances them and helps them in their learning process. Our children are natural and curious explorers. Students need to be inspired to think critically. By this they comprehend what has been learned and be able to use it. I hope my students will be able to achieve their greatest potential that they can accomplish anything they set their minds to. We can give our children these building blocks thru education to use in decision making situations, moral value of their thoughts and actions. This will guide them to realize how their actions and decisions will affect themselves and others. Discipline plays a key part in education. Respect from your students will make the classroom a better atmosphere. Rules should be established on the first day. Rules should be a thoughtful process so they can be carried out to be affective, but logical consequences. We do not want the students self esteem to be damaged. I would like to teach K-3. I believe that these years of education is very crucial for learning and developing their skills. Inquiry-based learning will only enhance these curious students to explore, share ideas and ask questions. Our role as a teacher will help identify needed resources and monitor, guide the students inquiry. Children learn by doing. We need to continuously assess and evaluate our students so we can set appropriate goals for each student and individual instructions. Each child learns different, so as a teacher we need to have different styles of teaching for positive reinforcement. I want to be a role model for my students.

Hrm Between Hai Di Lao and Little Sheep Essay

Human resource aspect Hai Di Lao Trust and Equality Hai Di Lao few employees recruited from the community, most of the existing staff introduced to friends and relatives. They are all familiar with each other in the environment, whether good or bad, are easy to spread and grow. Hai di Lao try to implement a trust in the values of quality. More important than the expansion Hai Di Lao employee orientation is very simply, only 3 days. It is mainly about the lives of common sense and some basic knowledge of service. the real training is practical after entering the store. Each new employee will have a teacher mentoring. Rather than hiring external trainers, Hai Di Lao selects the company’s best performers to prepare new employees for the tasks ahead. They experience of values and human service concept, learn to deal with different problems than those of fixed service action norms more difficult. Employee welfare Employee compensation goes beyond financial reward, the company also looks after employee welfare – from high quality housing to company excursions to free education for children of employees. hey also cover the parents insurance for the employees who had good performance. Employee empowerment Full delegation of authority to the staff, can greatly stimulate the creativity of employees. For example, the services that Hai Di Lao provides for the customers, such as nail polishing, etc, were created by the staff in their daily work. In addtion, Hai Di Lao also provides that any of the staff is no need to consult the manager with giving customers discounts. Xiao Fei Yang Workforce diversity Now days, globalization is not of interest only to large firms, more and more companies are opening up foreign markets to international trade and investment. As a Chinese hot pot restaurant in Korea, it requires the employees to be international. The proportion of Chinese and Korean employees is 1 to 1, as what Hai Di Lao does, the new employees will have teacher mentoring. Especially Korea attached great importance to culture etiquette, the employees must aware of etiquette. Rewarding the staff With then part-time staff, Xiao Fei Yang provides a vote per month, the more satisfied customers are, the more â€Å"smiley face† the staff would earn. By the end of every month, two of the highest voted staff would get salary raised. And for the regular staff, if their performance are approved by the manager and customers, they would receive bonus. Dealing with customers If there is any issue happen between staff and customers, staff will immediately contact the manager to deal with, in the meantime, they will try to meet customer needs.

Moral Education Essay

Moral education can be given better by parents at home, than by schoolmasters and professors in schools and colleges. Parents have numberless opportunities of guiding their children by pre ¬cept and example, opportunities denied to the teacher. Who generally meets his pupils in large classes, and seldom has the means of becoming intimately acquainted with their several char ¬acters and the faults, other than intellectual faults, to which each of them is particularly prone. The first point of importance to notice with regard to moral instruction is that, in the words of the proverb, example is better than precept. This is too often forgotten by parents, especially in the case of young children. Many parents are emphatic in incul-cating truthfulness, but, on very slight occasion think it advisable to escape the importunity or curiosity of children by deception, if not by actual falsehood. They fondly hope that the deceit will pass unnoticed; but children are keener observers than they are generally supposed to be, and very quick to detect any discrep ¬ancy between preaching and practice on the part of their elders. It is therefore imperative that parents in all cases should them ¬selves act up to the moral precepts that they inculcate upon their children. Another important point in the home training of children is careful selection of associates of their own age who will not teach them bad habits. For the same reason, especially in rich houses, great care must be taken that the servants do not exert an evil influence on their moral character. Bad servants teach a child to be deceitful and disobedient by secretly helping him to enjoy forbidden pleasures, which of course they warn him he must on no account mention to his parents. They may also render a child rude and overbearing by servile submission to his caprices and bad temper. If we now pass from home to school life, we see that the first great disadvantage that the school-master labours under is that it is very difficult for him to gain the affections of his pupils. A father can generally appeal to filial love as an inducement towards obeying the moral rules he prescribes. But a school-master ap ¬pears to boys in the position of a task-master, and is too often without reason regarded by them as their natural enemy, particu ¬larly by those whom he has to punish for idleness or other faults, that is, by the very boys who stand most in need of moral instruction. Even when a school-master has got over this hostile feeling, he finds that the large amount of daily teaching expected from him leaves him little leisure to give his pupils friendly advice in the intervals between lessons. It has been proposed in India that formal lessons in morality should be given in schools and colleges. But it is to be feared that lessons so delivered from the school-master’s desk or the professor’s chair would produce little more effect than is obtained by the writing of moral sentences in copy-books. In the great public schools of England the masters have opportunities of de ¬livering moral lessons under more favourable conditions, when they preach the weekly sermon on Sunday in the sacred precincts of the school chapel. The Indian teacher has no such opportunity of using his eloquence in guiding the members of his school towards moral enthusiasm. Yet he can do much by the power of personal example, and by creating in the minds of his pupils admiration for the great English writers, who in prose or verse give expression to the highest moral thoughts. In addition to this, all intellectual education is in proportion to its success a powerful deterrent from vice, as it enables us to see more clearly the evil effects that follow from disobedience to moral rules.

Cyber Language Research Script

Now I am going to introduce the cyber language which is used by foreigners. English cyber language usually comes from online games, video games and general pop cultural, like movie, youtube video clips, and so on. People usually take the first alphabet of the words in a phrase and combine them into a new word. And these are some of the examples of acronym. They are commonly use all over the world. I think these examples you all may be familiar with, so now I am going to introduce some not so familiar examples. LOL is obviously a example of acronym, which is a short form of laughing out loud.People take each word’s first alphabet to create LOL. And for ‘he’s 404’ means he is clueless. This word includes coinage and ideogram. For coinage, usually when a web page cannot be found, then the internet will pop up a 404 web page to inform you. Therefore when we cannot find someone, we can call him 404. And for ideogram, people instead of saying directly he’s clueless, they refer to the picture of the web site 404, so it is a ideogram. The next one is ASAIK. ASAIK means ‘as soon as I know’. It is also an example of acronym. It is a short form of the phrase as soon as I know.And for the next example, it is easy to know what it means. It means see ya. It includes compounding, because it is combined with 2 words, see and ya. And also the letter C is a homophone of the word see. They both pronounce in the same pronunciation. At the same time, it also includes syllabic writing system and rebus writing system. It is a syllabic writing system, because C represents /si:/ to replsce see /si:/ ,so is syllabic writng At last, it includes rebus writing system, because it uses another word with the same sound to replace it.The word see is replaced by the letter C, and the you is replaced by YA. And at last, this word means night. It includes syllabic writing system, the nine : /nain/ replace nigh /nai/. And it sticks with the letter â⠂¬Ëœt’, which is an alphabetic writing system. Also it is same as CYA, it also includes rebus writing system. The sound nigh is replaced by a word which is similar its sound, nine. Emoticons is a pictographic writing. It use different kinds of punctuation to form a facial expression.This emoticons are usually use in computers, mobile and also other communicating devices and forum. These emoticons can express our feelings even more direct, sometimes it is better than using words to express our feelings. And also these emoticons can help us to save time. For example, if we want to express we are so happy, instead of typing alphabets, we type the punctuations into a smiley face, it would save a lot more time. Type happy, we need to type 5 alphabets, but a smiley face, only needs 2 punctuation, and that’s it.Therefore it really save time form typing words. Because of the efficiency of emoticons, it is now a trend all over the world, and among all the countries, japan is on e of the countries which use emoticons the most. And here are the examples of emoticons. We can see that there are a lot of emoticons to express different kinds emtions. Taiwanese and mainlanders may also miscommunicate throughout a conversation, although they share the same language,Putonghua. The miscommunicate is because of their cultures, each one develop their own kinds of words into their language e. . (1) Taiwanese may use ‘ ‘ to express you are so annoying. But when the mainlanders saw this, they may misunderstand as you are such a motorbike. It would be a totally different ecplanation. And there is also another e. g. (2)mainlanders may use ‘? ‘ to mean being frightened. But in Taiwan, it reminds people that the post in the forum would disclose a play's information. So they use the same word, but the meaning of the word ’? ’ means differently to different culture and nation.